Hair clipper with improved blade driving means

ABSTRACT

A hair clipper having a vibratory motor with an armature that is pivotally supported by an upright bearing is disclosed. A pair of torsion springs encircle the vertical axis of the bearing. One end of each spring is inserted into apertures in the armature and the other end of each spring bears against the housing of the clipper to bias the armature to a central position. The blade drive pin is integrally molded into the armature and a plastic ball and socket drive member is carried by the pin. The drive member is spring biased against a plastic drive shoe, which is removably secured to the upper cutting blade of the clipper. The drive shoe and the housing of the clipper have mating guiding surfaces.

United States Patent [191 Bowerman 1451 May21, 1974 HAIR CLIPPER WITHIMPROVED BLADE DRIVING MEANS [75] Inventor: Leonard E. Bowerman,Fairfield,

Conn.

1,810,469 6/1931 Dremel 310/29 Primary Examiner-.1. D. Miller AssistantExaminer-Robert J. Hickey Attorney, Agent, or FirmGeorge R. Clark; NeilM. Rose; John S. Pacocha 15 1 ABSTRACT A hair clipper having a vibratorymotor with an armature that is pivotally supported by an upright bearingis disclosed. A pair of torsion springs encircle the vertical axis ofthe bearing. One end of each spring is inserted into apertures in thearmature and the other end of each spring bears against the housing ofthe clipper to bias the armature to a central position. The blade drivepin is integrally molded into the armature and a plastic ball and socketdrive member is carried by the pin. The drive member is spring biasedagainst a plastic drive shoe, which is removably secured to the uppercutting blade of the clipper. The drive shoe and the housing of theclipper have mating guiding sur- HAIR CLIPPER WITH IMPROVED BLADEDRIVING MEANS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relatesto electric hair clippers and more specifically, to an electric hairclipper that is driven by an oscillating armature type of electric motorhaving improved blade drive provisions. Several years ago, the assigneeof the present invention introduced a hair clipper utilizing a vibratoryoscillating armature type of electric motor which was especiallydesigned for use by professional barbers. This previously introducedhair clipper of the assignee is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,493,793,patented Feb. 3, 1970 on an application of Paul W. Niemela which wasfiled July 5, 1968. The present invention is described with reference toan embodiment which utilizes a motor that is similar to that of theNiemela Patent, but it is not intended that the invention be limitedsolely thereto.

The hair clipper of the Niemela Patent employed a vibratory motor thathad a high power output per unit weight. Thus, the weight of a hairclipper could be reduced significantly by using this motor so as torelieve the fatigue of the barber who used the hair clipper relativelyconstantly during the working portion of his day. The hair clipper ofthe Niemela Patent and the hair clipper of the described embodiment bothemploy armatures with a minimum mass and their arrnatures reversedirection with a minimum amount of noticeable housing vibration. This isalso particularly important since acceptance of vibratory motor hairclippers has been limited in the past because of the presence ofexcessive vibration of the clipper housing. In addition, vibratorymagnetic clippers were unpopular prior to the introduction of theclipper of the Niemela Patent because they were sensitive to thefluctuation in the supply voltage or to change in the load. Thevibratory mo-' tors of the Niemela Patent and of the disclosedembodiment of the present invention herein are not inherently loadsensitive as are the prior devices.

Despite the successful and highly satisfactory construction of the hairclipper of the Niemela Patent, it has been found that several problemsstill existed with respect to the design of the hair clipper of thatpatent. In the hair clipper of the Niemela Patent, the armature waspivoted for oscillating movement about a bearing pin which was securedto the lower housing of the clipper. On each side of the armature, acoil spring was compressed between the lower housing member and thenylon magnet supporting carrier of the armature. The housing had to beconstructed so that a pair of U- shaped recesses or spring recesses wereformed in it to receive the outer ends of the springs. The other ends ofthe springs were received by locating bosses on the nylon carrier. Inorder to dampen vibration noises associated with these springs, theywere filled with a foam plastic material. This construction requiredthat the housing be much wider than is optimum for the hand of theaverage user. The width of the housing made the clipper too bulky to beused comfortably by a user with an average or a small hand over arelatively long period of time.

The elongated hair clipper of the present invention by constrast isextremely narrow and thin and it is, therefore, very easily gripped byeven the user with very small hands. The major reasons for this improvedshape being that torsion springs are employed in the hair clipper of thepresent invention which are coiled around the vertical axis of thebearing pin and the use of a new and improved very flat on/off switch.Thus, the elongated hair clipper can be made narrower without increasingits vertical dimension. In addition, with the use of torsion springs,much heavier springs can be employed, and thus, the problem ofoccasional spring breakage which occurred with the smaller coil springsof the clipper of the Niemela Patent is eliminated.

The torsion springs also serve to hold the armature in place on thebearing pin. Because of this, a separate metal field locating andsupport member is not required in the hair clipper of the describedembodiment as it is in the hair clipper of the Niemela Patent. In theclipper of the present invention, the field is located by plasticabutments which are integrally formed on the housing and by a resilientbushing which is compressed when the upper and lower housing members aresecured together. The bushing forces mating cut-out surfaces on thefield structure forward thereby forcing abutting members on the fieldstructure against the locating abutments on the housing.

In the hair clipper of the Niemela Patent, blade drive was achieved bymeans of an extension of the armature which drove the upper blade or thecutter by contact of the armature extension and the cutter along a line.the necessary pressure was maintained by an elongated biasing springthat was screwed into the lower housing of the cutter of the clipper.The biasing spring had a plastic block on its outer end which wasinserted into a groove in the cutter so as to force the cutter againstthe comb.

The drive mechanism described in the previous paragraph has a number ofdisadvantages. First of all, since the armature extension makes contactwith the cutter along a line, excessive wear of the cutter and of thearmature may occur. In addition, the biasing spring may be subjected tobending or twisting with respect to the armature which could result inimproper or uneven pressure upon the cutter, which in turn would resultin impair cutting efficiency and increased load on the armature.

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a hairclipper having a drive shoe, preferably fonned of plastic, that iseasily removable from the upper blade of the clipper when replacement ofthe blade is desired.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a blade drivemechanism for a motorized device drive pin which is secured to thearmature and a drive bearing and a bias spring which are inserted overthe drive pin wherein the spring acts on the drive bearing so that theouter end of the drive bearing forces the blades of the clipper togetherthrough an intermediate drive assembly.

It is an additional object of the present invention to provide a hairclipper having a guide surface on a drive shoe which is secured to theupper cutter blade of the clipper so that it mates with a correspondingguide surface on the housing.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a dirvemechanism with a drive bearing having a spherically shaped drive memberand a correspondingly shaped recess in a drive socket, wherein the drivesocket is preferably provided with a hole that prevents air compressionin the recess.

It is another object of the invention to provide a motorized hairclipper of the vibratory armature type having reduced dimensions whichare achieved in part by use of torsion bias return springs which arecoiled around the vertical axis of the bearing pin which supports thearmature.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a hairclipper having a two-piece housing with field locating provisionsincluding a compressible bushing which expands when the housing issecured together so as to force the rear end of the field forward sothat abutment members on the housing of the clipper and abutment memberson the field structure engage each other and thereby locate the fieldproperly.

Additional advantages and objects of the present invention will beapparent to those skilled in the art from this document.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the hairclipper of the present invention with the upper blade or cutter removed;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the hair clipper taken along theline 22 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a plan view looking into the upper housing of the hair clipperwith the lower housing removed, but with portions of the lower housingshown in section and with other parts of the clipper in place;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the hair clipper motor armature with thetorsion return bias spring in placev on the armature;

FIG. 5 is a side view of the motor field structure and its associatedelectrical contacts;

, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the field structure taken alongthe lines 66 of FIG. 5',

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the field structure taken along thelines 77 of FIG. 6;

FIG. -8 is a side and partial cross-sectional view of the bobbin of thefield structure;

FIG. 9 is a side view of the armature of the clipper motor; I

FIG. 10 is a top view of the armature of the clipper motor; and

FIG. 11 is a front view of the motor field structure which shows thesalient magnetic poles of the field.

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With reference to the drawings,there is shown in FIG. 1 a hair clipper designated generally byreference numeral 20. The hair clipper includes a housing 22 which ismade of an upper housing member 24 and a lower housing member 26. Theupper and lower housing members are secured together in abuttingrelationship by screws 28, 30 to form a motor enclosure 32, as shown inFIG. 2. The housing 22 is preferably formed of a plastic such asphenolic.

A removable blade set 34 is received on the front end of the clipper.The blade set 34 consists of a lower blade or comb 36 and an upper bladeor cutter 38 which is pressed into shearing engagement with the comb 36,by a blade drive assembly 40. The comb 36 is secured to the lowerhousing member 26 by a screw 42 which passes through an opening 44 inthe lower portion of the comb 36 and then into a threaded channel 46.There is a small amount of clearance between the screw 42 and the sizeof the opening 44 so that adjustment of the comb 36 may be easily madein order to achieve proper alignment of the comb 36 and the cutter 38.The comb 36 and the cutter 38 are provided with teeth which haveabutting outer edges in the conventional manner so that relativemovement between the cutter 38 and the comb 36 will result in thedesired cutting action of the hair.

The cutter 38 is provided with a plastic snap-fit" drive shoe 48 whichis part of the blade drive assembly 40. The drive shoe 48 has projectingears 50 that are constructed to extend through slots 38a in the cutterwhen the ears 50 are pressed toward each other. When the pressure isreleased on the ears 50, they are forced apart by the natural resiliencyof the plastic against the outer edges of the slot 380 so as to lock thedrive shoe 48 into the cutter 38. The drive shoe 48, which is best shownin FIG. 3 where the cutter has been removed, is provided with thesnap-fit ears 50 so that the cutter 38 may be removed and replaced by anew blade when it is dull. The cutter 38 is made of metal and isrelatively thin and lightweight, and with the ease of assembly that isprovided by the present invention, it becomes more economical andconvenient to replace the cutter 38 when it is dull rather than toresharpen it.

The rear end of the drive shoe 48, which faces towards themotorenclosure 32 is formed in the shape of a trapezoidal channel 52.The trapezoidal channel 52 is open at its bottom and has a top surface59 and side surfaces 58, 60. Force supplied to the drive shoe 48 throughthe side surfaces 58, 60 of channel 52 presses the cutter 38 and thecomb 36 together and drives a guide surface 54 at the front end of thedrive shoe 48 against a downwardly depending mating guide surface 56 onthe upper housing member 24. The guide surface 56 is substantially at aright angle with respect tovthe elongated planar surface 38b of thecutter 38. At this angle, the optimum normal force between the cutter 38and the comb 36 and the optimum normal force between the guide surfaces54, 56 are obtained. The manner inwhich the required driving force istransmitted to the side surfaces 58, 60 of the drive shoe 48 by theremaining elements of the drive assembly 40 is described later herein.The required mechanical power for the hair clipper is provided by theelectrical motor 62 which includes a field or stator 64 and anoscillating armature 66. The armature 66 is supported for oscillatingmovement by means of a steel bearing pin 68 which has an upper end 68aof reduced diameter that is molded into the housing member 24. An oilimpregnated bushing 70 is integrally formed with the armature 66 so asto reduce the friction between the armature 66 and the bearing pin 68.The rear portion of the armature 66 consists of a rigid insulating frameor carrier 72, which is preferably constructed of nylon and into whichpermanent magnets 74, 76 are integrally molded.

A permanent magnet 78, which is preferably formed of a ferrite ceramicmaterial, is positioned in the carrier 72 between the pole pieces 74,76.The pole pieces 74, 76 are elongated members that are formed of asuitable, magnetically permeable material,.which may be sintered iron.The pole pieces 74, 76 have at their outer ends a pair of salient polefaces 74a, 74b and 76a, 76b, respectively. The permanent magnet78 ispolarized so that the pole pieces 74, 76 are magnetized to the oppositepolarities. As a consequence, the salient pole faces 74a, 74b of thepole 74 will be magnetized to the opposite polarity of the salient polefaces 74a, 76b of the pole 76. Thus, when the pole faces 74a, 74b are ofa North pole, the pole faces 74a, 76b will be of a South pole; and whenthe pole faces 74a, 74b are of a South pole, the pole faces 76a, 76bwill be of a North pole.

The front end of the carrier 72 of the armature 66 has a steel drive pin80 which has a rear portion of a reduced diameter 80a that is integrallymolded into the forward section of the armature 66. The drive pin 80passes through a rectangular boss 67 on the forward section of thearmature 66. A foam pad 69, which is preferably formed of polyether,surrounds the boss 67 to prevent hair clippings from entering the motorenclosure 32. A drive bearing 84 which is preferably formed of plasticand which has a hollow cylindrical bearing surface 84a that receives thedrive pin 80 and ball socket section 84b transmits driving force todirve socket 86. A coil spring 82 surrounds the hollow cylindricalbearing section 840 and it is compressed around this section between thesurface 67a of the boss 67 and the surface 840 of the drive bearing 84.The ball section 84b of the drive bearing 84 transmits the forwardlydirected force of the compressed spring 82 to the plastic drive socket86, having concave spherical recess 86a which receives the ball section84b in mating relationship.

The plastic drive socket 86 has a front surface 92 and a pair of sidesurfaces 88, 90 which form a trapezoid that mates with the trapezoidalchannel 52 that is formed in the drive shoe 48. The side surfaces 88, 90of the drive socket 86 abut against the side surfaces 58, 60 of thedrive shoe 48 so as to impart a substantially uniform force to the driveshoe 48 along a relatively large surface area. By imparting the driveforce along a relatively wide surface area a minimum of wear is insured.In order to prevent the binding of thee socket 86 and the drive shoe 48,space is provided between the forward surface 92 of the drive socket 86and the rear surface 59 of the trapezoidal channel 52 of the drive shoe48. Although the drive shoe 48 itself could be formed with thecorresponding spherical recess for receiving the ball section 84b, it ispreferred that a separate drive member, such as the drive socket 86, beprovided so that tolerances in the construction of the blade driveassembly may be increased. The drive socket 86 has a hole 86 c in thespherical recesses 86c which prevents compression of air between theball 84b and the recess 86c which would reduce the effectiveness of theblade drive mechanism.

In operation, the armature 66 is biased to a central position by meansof a pair of torsion springs 94, 96 which surround adownwardly-depending boss 98 that is formed on the upper housing 24 andthe downwardly-depending portion 70b of the bushing 70. The carriersection 72 of the armature 66 has a pair of apertures therein, 100, 102for receiving the bent outer ends 104, 105, respectively, of the torsionsprings 94, 96. Slightly sloped spring channels 106, 107 are formedaround the upper portion 70a and on the uppermost part of the lowerportion 70b of the bearing 70. Sloped spring support bearings 75, 77 arealso formed in the upper and lower housing members 24, 26 as shown inFIG. 2. The torsion springs 94, 96 are placed in the spring channels106, 107, respectively, and are coiled around the vertical axis of thedrive pin 80. A pair of cut-away landings 109, 111 are provided at theouter edge of the spring channels 106, 107, respectively, below thelevel of the upper and lower exterior surfaces 113 and 115 of thecarrier 72. The ends 117, 119 of the torsion springs 94, 96 which arenot inserted into the apertures 100, 102 are then placed in the landings109, 111 so that they extend outwardly until they abut against therespective one of the shoulders 121, 123 which are formed integrallywith the lower housing member 26. Thus, the springs 94, 96 are able toreturn the armature 66 to its center position by means of the torsionspring effect that is exhibited by the springs 94, 96 due to the forcethat is applied between the outer ends 117, 119 of the springs 94, 96and the corresponding shoulder portions 121, 123 of the housing 22.

By employing torsion springs that are wound about the vertical axis ofthe bearing pin 68 instead of horizontally oriented coiled springs, suchas those employed in the clipper of the previously mentioned NiemelaPatent, a very slim and compact hair clipper may be constructed. Inaddition, by using torsion springs much larger springs can be used and,therefore, the possibility of spring breakage is reduced. The torsionsprings 94, 96 are preferably formed of tin plated music wire or thelike.

The field 64 for the hair clipper consists of core 114 which is formedof a stack of E-shaped laminations 118 that are made of magneticallypermeable material which are retained together and are secured to aplastic supporting bobbinll6 by means of rivets 123. The E- shaped core114 has a pair of outer legs 120, 122, and a central leg 124. Thecentral leg 124 is substantially thicker than the outer legs 120, 122and it terminates in a pair of salient poles 124a, and 124b. The outerlegs 120, 122 of the core 114 terminate in a salient pole pairs 120a,122a, respectively. Surrounding the central leg 124 of the core 114 is afield coil 126 which is best shown in FIG. 5. The bobbin 116 has ahollow cylindrical center around which the windings of the coil 126 arewound the windings are of magnetic wire having a conventional suitableinsulation thereon. The inside surfaces of the outer legs 120, 122 arefurther insulated from the coil by a pair of fibre insulators 126, 127which are inserted between the legs 120, 122 and the outside of the coil126 (FIG. 3).

When the coil 126 is energized by electrical current flowing in eitherdirection, it will induce magnetic flux in the core 114 which will causethe salient pole faces 124a, 124b of the central leg 124 to bemagnetized to one polarity, while the salient pole faces 120a, 122a ofthe outer legs 120, 122, respectively, will be magnetized to theopposite polarity. By means of the interaction that occurs between thesalient poles 120a, 122a, 124a and l24b of the core 114 and the salientpoles 74a, 74b, 76a and 76b of the armature 66, the desired vibratoryaction of the motor is obtained. A more complete description of theoperation of a motor that is employed in the present invention may beobtained by reference to the aforementioned Niemela Patent. However, itshould be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to thespecific type of motor shown in the Niemela Patent.

The bobbin 116 on which the coil 126 is wound is formed with a pair ofend panels 130, 132 which extend on opposite sides of the centralsection 128 so as to form a reel for the coil 126. In addition, however,both the front end panel 130 and the rear panel 132 are provided with apair of grooves which are used to receive a pair of electrical contactmembers so as to provide the required electrical connection to the fieldcoil 126 and to the power source. For example, the slots 134, 136 areprovided in the front end panel 130 for receiving the electricallyconductive connectors 138, 140, respectively. The connectors 138, 140extend downwardly into the slots 134, 136 along substantially the entirelength of the rear end panel 130 and down beyond a forwardly extendingledge 142 of the front end panel 130. The lower ends of the connectors138, 140 are then outwardly bent and end in terminals 138a, 140a. Theforward end of the field coil 126 is brought out and connected to theterminal 140a while the jumper wire 144, which is coupled to the powersource, is connected to the terminal 138a.

A pair of slots 146, 148 are also formed in the rear end panel 132 ofthe bobbin 116 for receiving the connectors 150, 152. The connectors150, 152 extend downwardly along the rear end panel 130 for a majorportion of its length. The lower end of the connectors 150, 152 are bentoutwardly and they end in terminals 150a, 152a (FIG. 3). The rear end ofthe field coil 126 is brought out and is connected to the terminal 150a,and the jumper wire 144, which is also connected to the terminal 138a,is connected to terminal 152a. The terminals 150a, 152a areinterconnected with the power cord 154 through a pair of removablefemale connectors 156, 158 which receive the male terminals 150a,

152a, respectively.

Input power is supplied to the motor 62 the hair clipper through thepower cord 154 which passes into the clipper through an aperture 156 inthe rear face 158 of the housing 22. A flexible strain relief bushing160 is secured around the power cord 154 at its end where it passesthrough the aperture 156. The strain relief bushing 160 has a forwardrectangular section 160a and a ring-like section 16% which is separatedfrom section 160a sufficiently to form an intermediate groove 1600 thatmates with a corresponding pair of ribs (not shown) formed on the upperand lower housing members 24, 26. This groove and rib thereby holds thebushing 160 in place in the housing 22.

In order that the clipper may be hung on a nail or hook when it is notin use, ,a bail 162, which is preferably formed out of stainless steel,is also provided at the rear face of the clipper 20. The bail 162 isbent so as to act as a spring and the outer ends 162a, 162b of the bail162 are bent upwardly so as to extend into the holes 164, 165 in theupper housing member 124, thereby securing the bail 162 to the housing22.

One desirable feature of the hair clipper of the described embodiment isthat the field 64 is held in place in the housing of the clipper withoutthe necessity of coupling any external securing means to the field 64.Screws 28, are screwed into the threaded boss 166 at the rear of theupper housing 24 and into the threaded lower end 68a of the bearing pin68, respectively, to hold the upper and lower housing members 24, 26together. The lower housing member 26 has an upwardly-projectingcylindrical boss 168 through which the screw 28 also projects. The ledge154 of the bobbin 116 is formed with two legs 154a, 154b, while theforward portion of the ledge 154 and the core 114 both have asemicircular cutout section 155 so that the legs 154a, 154b of the ledge154 extend around the lower boss 168. A resilient, compressiblecylindrical bushing 170 which is made of neoprene, or other suitablematerial, is positioned between the bosses 166, 168 and positioned sothat the semicircular cutout portion of the edge 114a of the core 114conforms to the cylindrical outer surface of the bushing 170, as bestshown in FIG. 2. The insulating member is compressed between the bossesI66 and 168 when the screws 28, 30 are screwed into their respectivebosses and as the bushing 170 is compressed, it presses forward againstthe edge 114a of the core 114 to urge the field 64 forward. As the field64 is pressed forward by the compressed bushing 170, the'abutments 184,186 on the outer legs 120, 122 of the laminations of the core 114 arepressed into contact with abutments 188, that are integrally formed onthe upper housing member 24. When the abutments 184, 186 of the field 64are pressed into contact with the abutments 188, 190, respectively, ofthe housing 22 and the rear edge 1 14a of the core 114 is wedged againstthe compressed bushing 170, the field 64 is secured finnly in place inthe housing.

A pair of resilient foam pad strips 172, 174 are cemented to the bottomof the core 114. The foam pad strips 172, 174 are compressed against theintegrally formed runners 176 of the lower housing member 26 when thehousing is secured together. These strips 172,

' 174 are also bent up as the upwardly forward portion of the core 114so as to abut against the upwardly projecting abutment members 180, 182of the lower housing member 26. The foam strips 172, 174 are thenflattened out when the housing is assembled to take up any loosenessthat might otherwise exist between the field 64 and the housing 22 tocushion movement of the field 64.

The desired construction for positioning the field in its proper placeeliminates, the need for special mounting frames and also the necessityof putting holes in the core structure. In the motor of the describedembodiment, the core laminations 1 14 are preferably very thin in orderto minimize core losses, and if holes were drilled in thelaminations andmounting screws were inserted in these holes the magnetic properties ofthe core would be substantially deteriorated.

While there has been illustrated and described a particular embodimentof the present invention, it will be understood that changes andmodifications may occur to those skilled in the art, and it is,therefore, contemplated by the appended claims to cover all such changesand modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of thepresent invention.

What is claimed is:

1. A hair clipper comprising a two-piece elongated housing, a blade setcomprising a first member and a second member, means to secure saidsecond member to said housing, an electrical motor in said housing,blade drive means for driving said first member relative to said secondmember comprising force transmitting means coupled to said motorconstructed to transmit a biasing force along the elongated dimension ofsaid housing, a drive shoe positioned in abutting engagement with saiddrive means and secured to said first member so as to press said firstand second members together in response to said biasing force, saiddrive shoe having a first guide surface formed thereon, said housinghaving a second guide surface formed thereon, said first and secondguide surfaces being biased into engagement during operation of saiddevice to maintain said first and second members in aligned cuttingrelationship.

2. A drive shoe and cutter blade construction for a hair clipper havinga comb blade comprising a metal cutter blade having cutting teeth andopenings therein and a drive shoe formed of a resilient material havingsegments which are removably secured in respective ones of said openingsin said blade by the natural resiliency of said material, said driveshoe further having a plurality of driving surfaces located remote fromsaid resilient segments for receiving driving and biasing forces thereonfor driving said cutter blade and for biasing said cutter blade againstsaid comb blade.

3. The drive shoe and cutter blade combination of claim 2 wherein theblade has two elongated slot openings therein and the drive shoe has twospread apart elongated segments which can be moved toward each other bya squeezing force so as to pass through the elongated slot openings ofthe blade and said segments are secured in said slot openings of saidblade when the squeezing force on said segments is released.

4. A hair clipper comprising an elongated housing, an electric motor insaid housing having a stationary field means and a vibrating armature, ablade set comprising a first member and a second member, means to securesaid second member to said housing, said armature being located in saidhousing intermediate said field means and said blade set, a drive pinsecured to said armature and projecting along the elongated dimension ofsaid housing toward said blade set, a drive bearing having a hollowbearing section which is positioned over said drive pin and a sphericalend section on the outer end of said drive bearing, resilientcompressible spring means surrounding said bearing section and biasingsaid spherical end section toward said blade set, blade drive andbiasing means comprising a spherical recess for receiving said sphericalend section, said blade drive and biasing means being in engagement withsaid first member of said blade set so as to bias said first and secondmembers together and so as to drive said first member in vibratorymotion relative to said second member and said spherical recess having ahole therein to prevent air compression in said recess.

5. A hair clipper comprising an elongated housing, an electric motor insaid housing having a stationary field means and a vibrating armature, ablade set comprising a first member and a second member, means to securesaid second member to said housing, said armature being located in saidhousing intermediate said field means and said blade set, a drive pinsecured to said armature and projecting along the elongated dimension ofsaid housing toward said blade set, a drive bearing having a hollowbearing section which is positioned over said drive pin and a sphericalend section on the Y outer end of said drive bearing, resilientcompressible spring means surrounding said bearing section and biasingsaid spherical end section toward said blade set, blade drive andbiasing means comprising a spherical recess for receiving said shpericalend section, said blade drive and biasing means being in engagement withsaid first member of said blade set so as to bias said first and secondmembers together and so as to drive said first member in vibratorymotion relative to said second member, said blade drive and biasingmeans comprising a drive socket having said recess therein and aseparate drive shoe which is secured to said first member, said drivesocket having one or more first surfaces, and said drive shoe having oneor more second surfaces which are in engagement with respective ones ofsaid first surfaces so as to transmit the forces applied to said recessby said spherical end section from said 7. A hair clipper as set forthin claim 5 wherein said spherical recess has a hole therein to preventair compression in said recess.

8. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 5 wherein said drive shoe has afirst guide surface that extends from the first member of said blade setin substantially a normal direction, said housing has a second guidesurface substantially parallel to said first guide surface and saidfirst and second guide surfaces are in engagement during operation ofthe clipper.

9. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 5 wherein the said drive sockethas a first generally trapezoidal crosssection with said first surfacesforming the sides of said first cross-section and said drive shoe isformed with a channel having a second generally trapezoidal crosssectionwith said second surfaces forming the sides of said secondcross-section.

10. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 5 wherein said drive shoe has afirst guide surface that extends from the first member of the blade setin substantially a normal direction, said housing has a second guidesurface substantially parallel to said first guide surface and saidfirst and second guide surfaces are in engagement during operation ofthe clipper.

l 1. A motorized device comprising a two-piece housing having a firsthousing member and a second housing member, an electric motor in saidhousing having a stationary field means and a vibratory armature, saidfirst housing having a first boss and said second housing having asecond boss spaced apart from said first boss, a compressible,expandable bushing positioned intermediate said first and second bosses,means to secure said first and second housing members together and tocompress said expandable bushing between said first and second bossesthereby expanding the dimensions of said bushing in at least onedirection, said field means having a surface at a first end thereofwhich is in contact with an outer surface of said expandable means whensaid expandable means is expanded by compression, first abutment meanson said field means located near a second end of said field means,second abutment means on said housing located adjacent said second endof said field means with said field means being movable in said housingin response to the force exhibited on said first end of said field meansby said expandable means so as to move said first abutment means intoengagement with said second abutment means thereby locating said fieldmeans properly in said housmg.

12. A motorized device as set forth in claim 11 wherein a pair ofrunners are provided on opposite sides of said housing so that saidfield means is slideable back and forth on said runners and a pair ofresilient pads are positioned intermediate said field means and saidrunners.

13. A motorized device as set forth in claim 12 wherein said resilientpads extend over a portion of said first end of said field means andsaid housing has third abutment means located such that said resilientpads are positioned intermediate said third abutment means and saidfirst end of said field means.

14. A hair clipper comprising a two-piece housing having a first housingmember and a second housing member, an electric motor in said housing,having a stationary field means and a vibratory armature, said firsthousing having a first boss and said second housing having a second bossspaced apart from said first boss, a compressible, expandable meanspositioned intermediate said first and second bosses, means to securesaid first and second housing members together and to compress saidexpandable means between said first and second bosses thereby expandingthe dimensions of said expandable means in at least one direction, saidfield means having a surface at a first end thereof which is in contactwith an outer surface of said expandable means when said expandablemeans is expanded by compression, first abutment means on said fieldmeans located near a second end of said field means, second abutmentmeans on said housing located adjacent said second end of said fieldmeans with said field means being movable in said housing in response tothe force exhibited on said first end of said field means by saidexpandable means so as to move said first abutment means into engagementwith said second abutment means so as to locate said field properly insaid housing.

15. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 14 wherein a pair of runnersare provided on opposite sides of said housing so that said field meansis slideable back and forth on said'runners and a pair of resilient padsare positioned intermediate said field means and said runners.

16. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 15 wherein said resilient padsextend over a portion of said first end of said field means andsaidhousing has third abutment means located such that said resilient padsare positioned intermediate said third abutment means and said first endof said field means.

17. A hand-held hair clipper comprising a thin, elongated two-piecehousing with a rear end and a front end and having a first housingmember and a second housing member, an electric motor in said housinghaving a stationary field means having a rear end and a front end and avibratory armature positioned adjacent said front end of said fieldmeans, said first housing having a first boss near said rear end, saidsecond housing means having a first surface at the rear end thereofwhich is in contact with an outer second surface of said expandablemeans when said expandable means is expanded by compression, firstabutment means located ment means on said housing located adjacent saidfront end of said field means with said field means being movable towardthe front end of said housing in response to the force exhibited on saidfirst surface at said rear end of said field means via said secondsurface of said expandable means so as to move said first abutment meansinto engagement within said second abut ment means thereby locating saidfield properly in said housing, a bearing pin around which said armatureoscillates, a pair of torsion springs located on opposite sides of saidarmature for returning said armature to a central position, said bearingpin being secured to said housing and projecting along the thindimension of said housing, said torsion springs being coiled around theaxis of said bearing pin, one end of each of said torsion springs beingsecured to said armature and the other end of each of said torsionsprings being in engagement with said housing, a blade set comprising afirst blade member and a second blade member, said armature beinglocated in said housing intermediate said field means and said bladeset, means to secure said second blade member to said front end of saidhousing, a drive pin secured to said armature and projecting along theelongated dimension of said housing toward said blade set, a drivebearing having a hollow bearing section which is positioned over saiddrive pin and aspherical end section on the outer end of said drivebearing resilient, compressible spring means surrounding said bearingsection and biasing said spherical end section toward said blade set,blade drive and biasing comprising a spherical recess for recieving saidspherical end section, said blade drive and biasing means being inengagement with said first blade member so as to bias said first andsecond members together and so as to drive said first blade member invibratory motion relative to said second blade member.

18. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 17 wherein said blade drive andbiasing means comprises a drive socket having said recess the rein and aseparate drive shoe which is secured to said first member, said drivesocket having one or more first surfaces, and said drive shoe having oneor more second surfaces which are in engagement with respective ones ofsaid first surfaces so as to transmit the forces applied to said recessby said spherical end section from said drive socket to said firstmember of said blade set via said drive shoe.

19. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 18 wherein said drive shoe isremovably secured to said first blade compression in said recess.

1. A hair clipper comprising a two-piece elongated housing, a blade setcomprising a first member and a second member, means to secure saidsecond member to said housing, an electrical motor in said housing,blade drive means for driving said first member relative to said secondmember comprising force transmitting means coupled to said motorconstructed to transmit a biasing force along the elongated dimension ofsaid housing, a drive shoe positioned in abutting engagement with saiddrive means and secured to said first member so as to press said firstand second members together in response to said biasing force, saiddrive shoe having a first guide surface formed thereon, said housinghaving a second guide surface formed thereon, said first and secondguide surfaces being biased into engagement during operation of saiddevice to maintain said first and second members in aligned cuttingrelationship.
 2. A drive shoe and cutter blade construction for a hairclipper having a comb blade comprising a metal cutter blade havingcutting teeth and openings therein and a drive shoe formed of aresilient material having segments which are removably secured inrespective ones of said openings in said blade by the natural resiliencyof said material, said drive shoe further having a plurality of drivingsurfaces located remote from said resilient segments for receivingdriving and biasing forces thereon for driving said cutter blade and forbiasing said cutter blade against said comb blade.
 3. The drive shoe andcutter blade combination of claim 2 wherein the blade has two elongatedslot openings therein and the drive shoe has two spread apart elongatedsegments which can be moved toward each other by a squeezing force so asto pass through the elongated slot openings of the blade and saidsegments are secured in said slot openings of said blade when thesqueezing force on said segments is released.
 4. A hair clippercomprising an elongated housing, an electric motor in said housinghaving a stationary field means and a vibrating armature, a blade setcomprising a first member and a second member, means to secure saidsecond member to said housing, said armature being located in saidhousing intermediate said field means and said blade set, a drive pinsecured to said armature and projecting along the elongated dimension ofsaid housing toward said blade set, a drive bearing having a hollowbearing section which is positioned over said drive pin and a sphericalend section on the outer end of said drive bearing, resilientcompressible spring means surrounding said bearing section and biasingsaid spherical end section toward said blade set, blade drive andbiasing means comprising a spherical recess for receiving said sphericalend section, said blade drive and biasing means being in engagement withsaid first member of said blade set so as to bias said first and secondmembers together and so as to drive said first member in vibratorymotion relative to said second member and said spherical recess having ahole therein to prevent air compression in said recess.
 5. A hairclipper comprising an elongated housing, an electric motor in saidhousing having a stationary field means and a vibrating armature, ablade set comprising a first member and a second member, means to securesaid second member to said housing, said armature being located in saidhousing intermediate said field means and said blade set, a drive pinsecured to said armature and projectinG along the elongated dimension ofsaid housing toward said blade set, a drive bearing having a hollowbearing section which is positioned over said drive pin and a sphericalend section on the outer end of said drive bearing, resilientcompressible spring means surrounding said bearing section and biasingsaid spherical end section toward said blade set, blade drive andbiasing means comprising a spherical recess for receiving said shpericalend section, said blade drive and biasing means being in engagement withsaid first member of said blade set so as to bias said first and secondmembers together and so as to drive said first member in vibratorymotion relative to said second member, said blade drive and biasingmeans comprising a drive socket having said recess therein and aseparate drive shoe which is secured to said first member, said drivesocket having one or more first surfaces, and said drive shoe having oneor more second surfaces which are in engagement with respective ones ofsaid first surfaces so as to transmit the forces applied to said recessby said spherical end section from said drive socket to said firstmember of said blade set via said drive shoe.
 6. A hair clipper as setforth in claim 5 wherein said drive shoe is removably secured to saidfirst member.
 7. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 5 wherein saidspherical recess has a hole therein to prevent air compression in saidrecess.
 8. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 5 wherein said driveshoe has a first guide surface that extends from the first member ofsaid blade set in substantially a normal direction, said housing has asecond guide surface substantially parallel to said first guide surfaceand said first and second guide surfaces are in engagement duringoperation of the clipper.
 9. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 5wherein the said drive socket has a first generally trapezoidalcross-section with said first surfaces forming the sides of said firstcross-section and said drive shoe is formed with a channel having asecond generally trapezoidal cross-section with said second surfacesforming the sides of said second cross-section.
 10. A hair clipper asset forth in claim 5 wherein said drive shoe has a first guide surfacethat extends from the first member of the blade set in substantially anormal direction, said housing has a second guide surface substantiallyparallel to said first guide surface and said first and second guidesurfaces are in engagement during operation of the clipper.
 11. Amotorized device comprising a two-piece housing having a first housingmember and a second housing member, an electric motor in said housinghaving a stationary field means and a vibratory armature, said firsthousing having a first boss and said second housing having a second bossspaced apart from said first boss, a compressible, expandable bushingpositioned intermediate said first and second bosses, means to securesaid first and second housing members together and to compress saidexpandable bushing between said first and second bosses therebyexpanding the dimensions of said bushing in at least one direction, saidfield means having a surface at a first end thereof which is in contactwith an outer surface of said expandable means when said expandablemeans is expanded by compression, first abutment means on said fieldmeans located near a second end of said field means, second abutmentmeans on said housing located adjacent said second end of said fieldmeans with said field means being movable in said housing in response tothe force exhibited on said first end of said field means by saidexpandable means so as to move said first abutment means into engagementwith said second abutment means thereby locating said field meansproperly in said housing.
 12. A motorized device as set forth in claim11 wherein a pair of runners are provided on opposite sides of saidhousing so that said field means is slideable back and forth on saidrunners and a pair of resilient paDs are positioned intermediate saidfield means and said runners.
 13. A motorized device as set forth inclaim 12 wherein said resilient pads extend over a portion of said firstend of said field means and said housing has third abutment meanslocated such that said resilient pads are positioned intermediate saidthird abutment means and said first end of said field means.
 14. A hairclipper comprising a two-piece housing having a first housing member anda second housing member, an electric motor in said housing, having astationary field means and a vibratory armature, said first housinghaving a first boss and said second housing having a second boss spacedapart from said first boss, a compressible, expandable means positionedintermediate said first and second bosses, means to secure said firstand second housing members together and to compress said expandablemeans between said first and second bosses thereby expanding thedimensions of said expandable means in at least one direction, saidfield means having a surface at a first end thereof which is in contactwith an outer surface of said expandable means when said expandablemeans is expanded by compression, first abutment means on said fieldmeans located near a second end of said field means, second abutmentmeans on said housing located adjacent said second end of said fieldmeans with said field means being movable in said housing in response tothe force exhibited on said first end of said field means by saidexpandable means so as to move said first abutment means into engagementwith said second abutment means so as to locate said field properly insaid housing.
 15. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 14 wherein a pairof runners are provided on opposite sides of said housing so that saidfield means is slideable back and forth on said runners and a pair ofresilient pads are positioned intermediate said field means and saidrunners.
 16. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 15 wherein saidresilient pads extend over a portion of said first end of said fieldmeans and said housing has third abutment means located such that saidresilient pads are positioned intermediate said third abutment means andsaid first end of said field means.
 17. A hand-held hair clippercomprising a thin, elongated two-piece housing with a rear end and afront end and having a first housing member and a second housing member,an electric motor in said housing having a stationary field means havinga rear end and a front end and a vibratory armature positioned adjacentsaid front end of said field means, said first housing having a firstboss near said rear end, said second housing member having a second bossnear said rear end, a compressible expandable means positionedintermediate said first and second bosses, means to secure said firstand second housing members together and to compress said expandablemeans between said first and second bosses thereby expanding thedimensions of said expandable means in at least one direction, saidfield means having a first surface at the rear end thereof which is incontact with an outer second surface of said expandable means when saidexpandable means is expanded by compression, first abutment meanslocated adjacent the front end of said field means, second abutmentmeans on said housing located adjacent said front end of said fieldmeans with said field means being movable toward the front end of saidhousing in response to the force exhibited on said first surface at saidrear end of said field means via said second surface of said expandablemeans so as to move said first abutment means into engagement withinsaid second abutment means thereby locating said field properly in saidhousing, a bearing pin around which said armature oscillates, a pair oftorsion springs located on opposite sides of said armature for returningsaid armature to a central position, said bearing pin being secured tosaid housing and projecting along the thin dimension of said housing,said torsion springs being coiled around the axis of said bearing pin,one end of each of said torsion springs being secured to said armatureand the other end of each of said torsion springs being in engagementwith said housing, a blade set comprising a first blade member and asecond blade member, said armature being located in said housingintermediate said field means and said blade set, means to secure saidsecond blade member to said front end of said housing, a drive pinsecured to said armature and projecting along the elongated dimension ofsaid housing toward said blade set, a drive bearing having a hollowbearing section which is positioned over said drive pin and a sphericalend section on the outer end of said drive bearing, resilient,compressible spring means surrounding said bearing section and biasingsaid spherical end section toward said blade set, blade drive andbiasing comprising a spherical recess for recieving said spherical endsection, said blade drive and biasing means being in engagement withsaid first blade member so as to bias said first and second memberstogether and so as to drive said first blade member in vibratory motionrelative to said second blade member.
 18. A hair clipper as set forth inclaim 17 wherein said blade drive and biasing means comprises a drivesocket having said recess the rein and a separate drive shoe which issecured to said first member, said drive socket having one or more firstsurfaces, and said drive shoe having one or more second surfaces whichare in engagement with respective ones of said first surfaces so as totransmit the forces applied to said recess by said spherical end sectionfrom said drive socket to said first member of said blade set via saiddrive shoe.
 19. A hair clipper as set forth in claim 18 wherein saiddrive shoe is removably secured to said first blade member.
 20. A hairclipper as set forth in claim 19 wherein said drive shoe has a firstguide surface formed thereon, said housing has a second guide surfaceformed thereon and said first and second guide surfaces are inengagement during operation of said device.
 21. A hair clipper as setforth in claim 20 wherein said spherical recess has a hole therein toprevent air compression in said recess.